Quantum physics has had a profound impact on our understanding of the universe and has led to numerous technological advances that have improved our daily lives in many ways. Here are some of the real-life benefits of quantum physics today: These are just a few examples of the many real-life benefits of quantum physics today. … Read more

Gestalt Therapy was developed in the 1940’s by Fritz and Laura Perls and further influenced by the likes of Kurt Lewin and Kurt Goldstein (Corsini & Wedding, 2000). It was developed as a revision to psychoanalysis and focuses on an experiential and humanistic approach rather than analysis of the unconscious which was one of the … Read more

Counselling Theories are used as a guideline for understanding human nature and to determine which counseling skills you will use in your counseling sessions. Pre-expressive theories They are theories that existed in all societies before the modern therapy developed. They include; 1. Suppressive psychotherapy The therapy provides a powerful figure who behave in authoritative dogmatic … Read more

Several factors will influence a child language development. Such factors determine when a child will alter their first word or how fluent a child will be in their language. Every factor discussed below affects a child in different ways. The following are the Factors Influencing the language development 1.Social environment The environment needs to be … Read more

Erikson’s Life Cycle ( The Eight Stages of Man) 1.Stage One(0-1 year) Trust vs Mistrust Dependence- Safety and comfort is the basic attitude of trust and mistrust. -Trust established– regular satisfaction of baby’s needs. -Viewing the world as a dependable place. -Mistrust–inadequate or unpredictable care. -Cold, indifferent and rejecting parents. -Basic mistrust– core of later … Read more

What are Counseling Skills? Counseling skills are interpersonal and technical attributes that a counselor puts to use in order to best help their clients work through personal issues and overcome obstacles that are currently preventing them from living a full and happy life. Mastering particular counseling skills could make a great difference in whether or … Read more

Here are a few ways you can incorporate your counseling skills into your daily practices: 1. Be mindful of your body language You should be mindful of your body language at all times, especially during a counseling session. Depending on the context, a client might worry about being judged when they disclose particular information. Take … Read more

There are four main theories of perceptual development; 1.Traditional Theories They believe that our perception of objects is developed through learning by associating the multiple sensations that an object evokes . 2.Gestalt Psychology They claim that we perceive objects by organizing principles that result from the brain’s natural organizational processes influenced by innate principles. They … Read more

1.Heredity– Determines the rate of growth and maturation, bone age ,height and others. 2.Nutrition– Should be balanced and sufficient otherwise will lead to stunted growth , kwashiorkor, rickets ,marasmus obesity and others. 3.Diseases — Prolonged illness interferes with steady growth. 4.Child rearing practices. 5.Stress — Affects hormonal secretions causing physical dwarfism.

Stimulates Intellectual growth and creativity. Encourages socialization, independence and self confidence. Promotes good mental health. Strengthens self concept.

Babies differ in the following aspects due to their genetic make up and conditions in the womb; Vigor of responding. General activity rate. Sleeping rhythms. Irritability. Rate of habituation. cuddliness Sensitivity to light and or sound. In size and shape. In absolute and relative size of body organs. In hormonal balance. In blood chemistry.

Definition of Human growth. Human growth refers to the physical and the physiological changes that occur throughout life. These changes are qualitative such as physical growth and occur during the early phases of life to adolescent years. Quantitative changes refer to measurable and obvious features of human development. Definition of Human Development . It refers … Read more

Guidance is an emerging , growing and continually changing concept and movement with American roots. Counselling and guidance services began in the United States of America as vocational guidance , around the turn of the 20 -th century. Conditions that Led to the Rise of Guidance . Division of labour. Growth of technology. Extension of … Read more

Professional preparation; Knowledge of theory and application of techniques and skills of counselling. Knowledge of human psychology. Empathy; Ability to understand and appreciate the problems and concerns of a client and communicate this understanding to the client. Acceptance ; Accepting the client unconditionally. Shedding off any biases towards the client. Positive regard ; Displaying a … Read more

Counselling individuals to assist them deal with overwhelming anxiety arising from personal ,academic or occupational concerns. Assist departmental heads understand the methods of academic advising of students. Assist students make appropriate subject choices. Assist students make appropriate career choices and help them in job placement. Assist students develop appropriate interviewing skills , job search skills, … Read more

It is a broad area of educational activities and services aimed at assisting individuals in making and carrying out adequate plans and achieving satisfactory adjustments in life.

Learning is categorised into three main classes namely , cognitive ,psychomotor , and affective domain. Cognitive Learning It involves cognitive thinking,reasoning and mental processes. Learning in this category takes place at six different levels; Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation 2. Psychomotor learning. This refers to the coordination of the muscles and the brain to … Read more

It is a relatively permanent change in behaviour which comes as a result of practice or experience . It is having an experience that can be remembered. Characteristics of Learning. 1.It is a continuous modification of behaviour since behaviour is continuous . 2. It depends on maturation and readiness. 3. It involves the whole person … Read more

1.Selection —-They select learners to proceed with further education or join other colleges. 2.Placement —- Each candidate is assigned to a respective program using a certain criteria. 3.Diagnosis —- Involve comparing the individual’s performance in several areas in order to determine relative strength and weakness. 4. Hypothesis testing —- Test results are used to make … Read more

Test length —-Longer tests have adequate content hence reliable. Group homogeneity—- The more the heterogeneity in a group , the more the reliability and the more the homogeneity the less the reliability. Speed test —- Speed test is the one in which the examinees do not have time to respond to some questions for which … Read more